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Friday, March 02, 2007
Charles Krauthammer :: Townhall.com Columnist
No guts, no glory
by Charles Krauthammer
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WASHINGTON -- You might not have noticed, but we broke another space record last month when astronaut Michael Lopez-Alegria logged 67 hours of spacewalking. If you consider that the equivalent of the Guinness record for pogo-stick bouncing (23.11 miles in 12 hours and 27 minutes) -- amazing but pointless -- I agree with you. There's nothing quite as beautiful as the space station and the shuttle that services it, and nothing quite as useless.

Now, that can be said of many things: a balance-beam dismount, a Shakespeare sonnet, a chess problem by Nabokov. But none of these is financed by taxpayers and none makes a claim to utility. They are there for reasons of aesthetics, and perhaps amusement.

You cannot justify a $17 billion NASA budget or $6 billion spent on manned exploration on such grounds. There has to be more than that, and the space shuttle never was. It will be remembered as one of the most elegant, most misbegotten detours in the history of technology. It was our Spruce Goose, Howard Hughes' gigantic, eight-engine plane that flew only once.

But the Spruce Goose didn't cost $4 billion in taxpayer money to operate. Which is why the coming retirement of the shuttle is so welcome. Even more welcome was the Bush administration's decision to redirect the entire manned space effort to establishing a moon base.

Not until about 2020, mind you, half a century since we first reached the moon. Future generations will have a hard time understanding the hiatus. But for two sets of critics -- the Luddite left and the science purists -- 50 years is not nearly long enough. They would not build a moon base at all.

The Luddites have long opposed manned exploration as a waste of resources when, as the mantra goes, we have so many problems here on earth.

I find this objection incomprehensible. When will we stop having problems here on earth? In a fallen world of endless troubles, that does not stop us from allocating resources to endeavors we find beautiful, exciting and elevating -- opera, alpine skiing, feature films -- yet solve no social problems.

Moreover, the moon base is not pointless. The shuttles were on an endless trip to the nowhere of low Earth orbit. The moon is a destination. The idea this time is not to go plant a flag, take a golf shot and leave, but to stay and form a real self-sustaining, extraterrestrial human colony. Continued...

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About The Author

Charles Krauthammer is a 1987 Pulitzer Prize winner, 1984 National Magazine Award winner, and a columnist for The Washington Post since 1985.

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Subject: Back into space
I'm a lifelong liberal Democrat and academic, bluer than blue, and I've been a supporter of manned exploration of space since childhood. The R&D that has gone into space exploration, manned and unmanned, has led to a host of technological developments we benefit from to this day, and the rationale for manned space exploration is as valid as that for exploration of our own planet.

It is unfortunate that many liberals don't get it about space. Opposition to space exploration is supposed to be a conservative position, not a liberal one. [Half of the conservatives probably don't even believe in other planets, not down deep, as a character in a Robert Heinlein novel once put it.] Scientific and technological progress used to be an ingredient in liberal thinking; it still can be.

I'm appalled at the glacially slow pace of mission definition and development, however. I'm not going to diss the space shuttle, but think it should have been replaced by more versatile craft long ago. I'm also convinced, as lots of space enthusiasts are, that the JFK moon mission distorted what could have been a more effectively structured plan for exploration.

It is quite possible that the private sector will be able to produce better results for orbital and near-Earth flight, but it will take government to develop a lunar base and manned missions to Mars.

So, can conservatives really support space exploration? We'll just have to wait and seen.

Design of the Space Shuttle
Have you ever wondered what esoteric design criteria was used in design of the space shuttle?

When you see a space shuttle sitting on it's launching pad, you will notice there are two booster rockets attached to the side of the main fuel tank.These are solid rocket boosters, or SRB's.

The SRB's are made by Thiokol at their factory in Utah. The engineers who designed the SRB's might have preferred to make them a bit fatter, but the SRB's had to be shipped by train from the factory to the launch site. The size was, therefore, determined by the width of the railroad which was to be used to transport the boosters.

The US standard railroad gauge (distance between the rails)is 4 feet, 8.5 inches. That is an exceptionally odd number. Why was that gauge used? Because that's the way they built them in England, and the US railroads were built by English expatriates.

Why did the English build them that way? Because the first rail lines were built by the same people who built the pre-railroad tramways, and that's the gauge they used.

Why did "they" use that gauge then? Because the people who built the tramways used the same jigs and tools that they used for building wagons, which used that wheel spacing.

So why did the wagons have that particular odd spacing? Well, if they tried to use any other spacing, the wagon wheels would break on some of the old, long distance roads in England, because that's the spacing of the wheel ruts.

So who built those old rutted roads? The first long distance roads in Europe (and England) were built by Imperial Rome for their legions. The roads have been used ever since. And the ruts in the roads?
The ruts in the roads, which everyone had to match for fear of destroying their wagon wheels, were first formed by Roman war chariots. Since the chariots were made for (or by) Imperial Rome, they were all alike in the matter of wheel spacing. The US standard railroad gauge of 4 feet, 8.5 inches derives from the Original specification for an Imperial Roman war chariot.

Specifications and bureaucracies live forever.

So the next time you are handed a specification and wonder what horse's arse came up with it, you may be exactly right, because the Imperial Roman war chariots were made just wide enough to accommodate the rear end of two war horses. Thus we have the answer to the original question:

The line from the factory had to run through a tunnel in the mountains. The tunnel is a bit wider than the track and the railroad track is about as wide as two horses at their widest measurement. So, a major design feature of what is arguably the world's most advanced
transportation system was determined over two thousand years ago by the width of a horse's arse!!!

Last year I din't know how to spell Enjineer and now I are one!

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